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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Loschmidt constant ： ウィキペディア英語版 Loschmidt constant The Loschmidt constant or Loschmidt's number (symbol: ''n''0) is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) of an ideal gas in a given volume (the number density). It is usually quoted at standard temperature and pressure, the 2010 CODATA recommended value 〔(CODATA2010 )〕 is 2.686 7805(24) per cubic metre at 0 °C and 1 atm and the 2006 CODATA recommended value was 2.686 7774(47) per cubic metre at 0 °C and 1 atm. It is named after the Austrian physicist Johann Josef Loschmidt, who was the first to estimate the physical size of molecules in 1865.〔.〕 The term "Loschmidt constant" is also sometimes used to refer to the Avogadro constant, particularly in German texts. The Loschmidt constant is given by the relationship: :$n\_0\; =\; \backslash frac$ where ''p''0 is the pressure, ''k''B is the Boltzmann constant and ''T''0 is the thermodynamic temperature. It is related to the Avogadro constant, ''N''A, by: :$n\_0\; =\; \backslash frac$ where ''R'' is the gas constant. Being a measure of number density, the Loschmidt constant is used to define the amagat, a practical unit of number density for gases and other substances: :1 amagat = ''n''0 = 2.651 6467 x 1025 m-3(15)25 m−3 , such that the Loschmidt constant is exactly 1 amagat. == Modern determinations == In the CODATA set of recommended values for physical constants, the Loschmidt constant is calculated from the gas constant and the Avogadro constant: :$n\_0\; =\; \backslash frac\backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac)M\_c\backslash alpha^2\}\backslash frac$ where ''A''(e) is the relative atomic mass of the electron, ''M'' is the molar mass constant, ''c'' is the speed of light, ''α'' is the fine structure constant, ''R'' is the Rydberg constant and ''h'' is the Planck constant. The pressure and temperature can be chosen freely, and must be quoted with values of the Loschmidt constant. The precision to which the Loschmidt constant is currently known is limited entirely by the uncertainty in the value of the gas constant. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Loschmidt constant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.